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Citation

  • Authors: Zhang, P., Liu, X., Li, Y., Zhu, X., Zhan, Z., Meng, J., Li, N., Cao, X.
  • Year: 2013
  • Journal: J Immunol 190 1685-94
  • Applications: in vitro / DNA, siRNA / INTERFERin, jetPEI
  • Cell types:
    1. Name: HEK-293
      Description: Human embryonic kidney Fibroblast
      Known as: HEK293, 293
    2. Name: RAW 264.7
      Description: Mouse monocytes/macrophages
      Known as: RAW

Abstract

TLRs are essential for sensing the invading pathogens and initiating protective immune responses. However, aberrant activation of TLR-triggered inflammatory innate responses leads to the inflammatory disorders and autoimmune diseases. The molecular mechanisms that fine-tune TLR responses remain to be fully elucidated. Protein tyrosine phosphatase with proline-glutamine-serine-threonine-rich motifs (PTP-PEST) has been shown to be important in cell adhesion, migration, and also T cell and B cell activation. However, the roles of PTP-PEST in TLR-triggered immune response remain unclear. In this study, we report that PTP-PEST expression was upregulated in macrophages by TLR ligands. PTP-PEST inhibited TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IFN-beta production in macrophages triggered by TLR3, TLR4, and TLR9. Overexpression of catalytically inactive mutants of PTP-PEST abolished the inhibitory effects, indicating that PTP-PEST inhibits TLR response in a phosphatase-dependent manner. Accordingly, PTP-PEST knockdown increased TLR3, -4, and -9-triggered proinflammatory cytokine and type I IFN production. PTP-PEST selectively inhibited TLR-induced NF-kappaB activation, whereas it had no substantial effect on MAPK and IFN regulatory factor 3 activation. Moreover, PTP-PEST directly interacted with IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta) then inhibited IKKbeta phosphorylation at Ser(177/181) and Tyr(188/199), and subsequently suppressed IKKbeta activation and kinase activity as well as downstream NF-kappaB activation, resulting in suppression of the TLR-triggered innate immune response. Thus, PTP-PEST functions as a feedback-negative regulator of TLR-triggered innate immune responses by selectively impairing IKKbeta/NF-kappaB activation.

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